Howl by Allen Ginsberg Essay -- Poetry Poems

Howl How the Poem Came to Be and How it Made Allen Ginsberg FamousWhen Allen Ginsberg sat d profess at a secondhand typewriter in 1955 and began the first of his many subsequent drafts of Howl, he had no idea of the controversy it would cause. I fact, he didnt even set out to write a formal poem and especially not one that he would consider publishing. Instead, what the 29 year old began would materialize into his most famous literary tame and the cause of a much publicized trial debating the first amendment right to freedom of speech. The events of Ginsbergs life and the events going on in the world around him enliven and prepared him to write Howl, but perhaps one of the most important factors contributing to the poem and the authors fame was the surge in interest in writing, reading, and listening to poetry, which came to be known as the San Francisco Poetry Renaissance.The poem that caused the great controversy over obscenity in literature is a four part series of crystalise works, written mostly at different times that complete a series of ideas, which Judge Clayton Horn considered to have socially redeeming value. In the authors own words, the poemis an affirmation of individual experience of God, sex, drugs, absurdity etc. Part I deals sympathetically with individual cases. Part II describes and rejects the Moloch of society which confounds and suppresses individual experience and forces the individual to consider himself mad if he does not reject his own deepest senses. Part III is an expression of sympathy and identification with C.S. Carl Solomon who is in the madhouse -- saying that his unwiseness basically his rebellion against Moloch and I am with him, and extending my hand in union. This is an affir... ...ibliographyCassady, Carolyn. Off the Road. hot York William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1990.Cherkovski, Neeli. Ferlinghetti A Biography. New York Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1979.Eberhart, Richard and Allen Ginsberg. To Eberhart from Gins berg. Massachusetts Penmaen Press, 1976.French, Warren. The San Francisco Poetry Renaissance, 1955-1960. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1991.Gifford, Barry, ed. As forever The Collected Correspondence of Allen Ginsberg to Neal Cassady. Berkeley Creative Arts Book Company, 1977.Ginsberg, Allen. Howl and Other Poems. San Francicso City Lights, 1956.Miles, Barry, ed. Howl. New York Harper Perennial, 1995.Schumacher, Michael. Dharma Lion A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg. New York St. Martins Press, 1992.Simpson, Louis. A Revolution in Taste. New York Macnillian Publishing Company, Inc., 1978.

Software Patent/Copyright Issues in Peru :: Technology Computers Essays

Software secure/Copyright Issues in PeruSoftware Patent/Copyright issues are a global concern. learning Technology developments in the fit ten years turn out brought innovation in both Software and Hardware. The rise of the Internet and its users around the world is stretching the frontiers. But these advances in Information Technology came with the easy way to copy software illegally. My research will be focused on the laws that protect the intellectual property in Peru and their event globally. I will analyze the issue from an ethical perspective in how these laws are right or wrong and my personal opinion for a resolving power of the problem from different approaches.Peru and the GlobalizationI left my country five years ago. When I came here I got my first computer. I didnt buy one in Peru because I was scared that someone could steal it from my house. My cousins PC was stolen twice (each time a new PC) from her house. By 1992, subsequently terrorism, the delinquency in creased considerable in Lima, capital of Peru. A third world country faces different kinds of problems, but the top one is economical. The resources are confine and one of the most important tools for a country as for a private company is its investment in Research and Development to grow.Software Patent/Copyright laws in Peru INDECOPIPeru has a government institute, the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI). The following laws are exclusive for softwareJurisprudence / Features Features upon the use of computer programs (software)1.It is allowed to use software brought from another country with the corresponding license, but cannot be commercialized without the authorization of the holder of the right of author.The allowed user has the right to install the program on the hard disk for its effective use. Every reproduction or utilization of software without having the corresponding license grant by the holder of th e right of author or his representative is considered illicit and passive for sanction administrative and/or judicial. The computers that sell itself with the software incorporated have to be delivered with the manual, respective licenses of use and backups containing the program. The software cannot be utilized in a greater number of computers that the authorized in the respective license. In the subject field of networks it is required to count the licenses for all the machines that utilize the software. It is illicit to rent software without the authorization of the holder of the right of author.

The Happy Trail Essays -- Descriptive Essay Examples, Observation

The Happy Trail Some clock muckle have a certain place to go to deliberate about things. on that point atomic number 18 people that associate certain places with negative thoughts or feelings. I believe that people should have places to go that make them happy. Even though, there forever and a sidereal day seem to be places that make us cry and give us a feeling of great depression. Places in nature are very(prenominal) classic to people and their business leader to relax, to look at the beautiful prospect, and to have peaceful memories of the happier moments of their lives. I campaign to always associate nature with positive feelings and thoughts, and if it works for me I think every bingle should try it. The truth is, I picture nature representing beauty, happiness, and memories. Nature is a very beautiful thing in this world. Even at times when it seems as if cipher is beautiful. Whenever I go to the Mines of Spain Nature Preserve, in Dubuque, I think of my friend Karl. Walking on the trails reminds me of all the bugs that used to some(prenominal)er us as we journeyed to our especial(a) cliff. He used to jump up and down, waving his hands in the air as if his actions were going to make the bugs disappear. Of course the bugs were whitewash there, and I had my laughs for the day We would walk together on the trail slowly, and watch all the wilderness around us. There are so many trees and bushes, and during the come there are the greatest colors of leaves imaginable. Occasionally we would see and hear an animal or two upgradeing the trees of crossing our path ahead. There are a hardly a(prenominal) streams along this path. The water runs slowly and smoothly, even when in runs over the stones that are in the stream. Karl used to jump in and get both of us wet. It didnt takings how mad I got, because after I would l... ...ming weekend, and at times have thought of way to resolve a fight with a loved one. The scenery and quietness of the c liff would relax just about anyone. Maybe you, my reader, should find a place like this to go to, if you dont have one already. When I climb the trail leading to my favorite place in nature, I am not only concentrating, but also I think o things much(prenominal) as what I will be doing the next day or week. In some cases I even think of what lies in my future. When I am angry with someone, I go there to try to become a rational thinker, and to try to see the other persons point of view. formerly I am up on the cliff, I sit down and let the sun hit me. I take deep breathes and separate my thoughts from my feelings in my mind. It is still very quiet, and now I can hear my breathing in slow, soft rhythms and think about life, death, and happiness. The Happy Trail tests -- Descriptive Essay Examples, Observation The Happy Trail Sometimes people have a certain place to go to think about things. There are people that associate certain places with negative thoughts o r feelings. I believe that people should have places to go that make them happy. Even though, there always seem to be places that make us cry and give us a feeling of great depression. Places in nature are very important to people and their ability to relax, to look at the beautiful scenery, and to have peaceful memories of the happier moments of their lives. I try to always associate nature with positive feelings and thoughts, and if it works for me I think everyone should try it. The truth is, I picture nature representing beauty, happiness, and memories. Nature is a very beautiful thing in this world. Even at times when it seems as if nothing is beautiful. Whenever I go to the Mines of Spain Nature Preserve, in Dubuque, I think of my friend Karl. Walking on the trails reminds me of all the bugs that used to bother us as we journeyed to our special cliff. He used to jump up and down, waving his hands in the air as if his actions were going to make the bugs disappear. Of course t he bugs were still there, and I had my laughs for the day We would walk together on the trail slowly, and watch all the wilderness around us. There are so many trees and bushes, and during the fall there are the greatest colors of leaves imaginable. Occasionally we would see and hear an animal or two climbing the trees of crossing our path ahead. There are a few streams along this path. The water runs slowly and smoothly, even when in runs over the stones that are in the stream. Karl used to jump in and get both of us wet. It didnt matter how mad I got, because after I would l... ...ming weekend, and at times have thought of way to resolve a fight with a loved one. The scenery and quietness of the cliff would relax just about anyone. Maybe you, my reader, should find a place like this to go to, if you dont have one already. When I climb the trail leading to my favorite place in nature, I am not only concentrating, but also I think o things such as what I will be doing the next da y or week. In some cases I even think of what lies in my future. When I am angry with someone, I go there to try to become a rational thinker, and to try to see the other persons point of view. Once I am up on the cliff, I sit down and let the sun hit me. I take deep breathes and separate my thoughts from my feelings in my mind. It is still very quiet, and now I can hear my breathing in slow, soft rhythms and think about life, death, and happiness.

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

The Awakening is a novel about the growth of a woman into her own person, in breach of the mold society has formed for her. The book follows Edna Pontellier through about a year of her life. During this time we see her struggle to find who she really is, because she knows she cannot be cheerful filling the role of the mother-woman that society has created for her. She did not believe that she could break from this pattern because of the pressures of society, and ends up taking her own life. Should readers sympathize with her death? The answer is no.Edna Pontellier was on her way to an awakening. She realized during the book that she was not happy with her position in life. It is apparent that she had never really been fully unaware however, because her own summary of this was well-nigh sort of blissful ignorance. Especially in the years of life readers are told about before her newly appearing independence, we see that she has never been fully field with the way her life had tur ned out. For example she admits she married Mr. Pontellier out of convenience rather than love. She knew he loved her but she did not love him. It was not until now the case that she did not know what love was, for she had had infatuations that at the time (being so young) she believed was love. She consciously chose to marry Mr. Pontellier even though she did not love him. When she falls in love with Robert she regrets her decision of marrying Mr. Pontellier. Readers should not sy...

Essay --

CSD 2260 ReavisEmphysemaWhen people hear the medical diagnosis of Emphysema, many think in a flash that one had been a regular smoker of tobacco for a long period of time. There are many different causes for the illness that can be from other factors besides smoking such as inhaling pollutants that surround ones life from vehicles and factories. Emphysema is not a medical disease that is abrupt it is one that worsens over time due to the impact on the lungs. With education on this disease more individuals will use preventative measures to decrease ones happen of the disease. The definition of emphysema according to the Websters Dictionary is a condition characterized by air-filled expansions of body tissues specifically a condition of the lung marked by abnormal enlargement of the alveoli with loss of pulmonary elasticity that is characterized especially by shortness of breath and may lead to impairment of heart action (Emphysema.). consequence that within the lungs there a re small sacs that are called alveoli, where the exchange of gas and blood occurs is interfered by the sacs over filling causing an obstruction of the sacs leading to breakage. The cost of the sacs can cause complication breathing due to the scaring and of the sacs developing holes decreasing the input of the oxygen in the blood stream. One of the many disease that is associated with emphysema includes COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). This disease is a building block to emphysema, it has similar symptoms consisting of wheezing, and shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightening. The least common symptoms of emphysema are loss of appetence and weight loss, depression, poor sleep quality, and decreased sexual function (emphysema ... ...cks and symptoms of emphysema is to become educated on how to care for ones self by medical advice and care. http//www.bing.com/images/search?q=annual+diagnosis+of+emphysema+&FORM=HDRSC2view=detail&id=4EF6D52C1B62768BEFEC4D4AC8559 26060639748&selectedIndex=0 http//www.bing.com/images/search?q=Emphysema+Lungs&FORM=RESTABview=detail&id=7EADDF80F7268CF1D6FFB1D6A08E1AD2B22CA203&selectedIndex=81 Works CitedEmphysema. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/emphysemaEmphysema symptoms. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.webmd.com/lung/copd/emphysemasymptomsNordqvist, C. (2004, June 01). What is emphysema? What causes emphysema?. Retrieved fromhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8934.phpSlowik, G. (2012, November 30). Medications to treat emphysema. Retrieved fromhttp//ehealthmd.com/content/medications-treat-emphysema

Time Value of Money and Present Value

Date 14/11/2012 52. Annuities You are saving for the college fostering of your two children. They are two stratums apart in age one volition begin college 15 historic period from nowadays and the other leave alone begin 17 eld from today. You estimate your childrens college expenses to be $23,000 per year per child, payable at the beginning of each school year. The annual interest cast is 5. 5 percent. How much money must you deposit in account each year to fund your childrens education? Your deposits begin one year from today. You will make your last deposit when your oldest child enters college. Assume four years of collegeSolution Cost of 1 year at university = 23,000 N=4 I=5. 5% PMT=23,000 CPT PV = 80,618. 45 For the first child the PV = 80,618. 45/ (1. 055) 14 = $38,097. 81 For the second child the PV = 80,618. 45/ (1. 055) 16 = $34,229. 07 Therefore the total cost today of your childrens college expense will be the addition of the 2 = $72,326. 88 This is the present me nsurate of my annual savings, which are an annuity, so to get the amount I am supposed to save each year would be PV=72,326. 88 N=15 I=5. 5 CPT PMT = 7,205. 6 57. Calculating Annuity set Bilbo Baggins wants to save money to meet three objectives.First, he would like to be able to retire 30 years from now with retirement income of $25,000 per month for 20 years, with the first payment received 30 years and 1 month from now. Second, he would like to purchase a cabin in Rivendell in 10 years at an estimated cost of $350,000. Third, after he passes on at the end of the 20 years of withdrawals, he would like to leave an inheritance of $750,000 to his nephew Frodo. He can afford to save $2,100 per month for the next 10 years. If he can earn an 11 percent EAR before he retires and an 8 percent EAR after he retires, how much will he have to save each month in years 11 by 30? SolutionFirst we get the FV of the 2,100 savings over 10 years Bilbo Baggins can afford to save $2,100 dollars per month for the next 10 years therefore at 10 years he would have saved PMT = 2,100 I = 10. 48 / 12 = 0. 873 N = 10 x 12 = great hundred CPT FV = $442,201. 15 So after 10 years he would be able to purchase his yacht at the price of $350,000, and he would be unexpended with a balance of $92,201. 15 This $92,201. 15 will be our current PV at year 10. At year 30, the year when Bilbo retires, the $92,201. 15 would become 92,201. 15*(1. 11) 20 = $620,283. 23 Second we have to find out how much the inheritance of 750,000 would be at year 30 750,000/1. 820= $160,911. 16 Third In order for him to be able to withdraw a sum of 25,000 per month for the next 20 years after his retirement, we should now encrypt this annuitys present value N= 20 x 12 = 240 I= 7. 72 / 12 = 0. 643 PMT= 25,000 CPT PV = $3,052,135. 26 Adding up the PVs of the $750,000 and the annuity, we will get $3,213,046. 32 We will subtract the future value at year 30 of the $92,201. 15 ($620,283. 23) which we saved at year 10 f rom $3,213,046. 32 to get $2,592,763. 09 We are now left with an annuity that pays $2,592,763. 09 at year 30, and a time period of 20 years (yr11-30) To calculate the yearly PMT, we haveFV= $2,592,763. 09 I= 10. 48 / 12 = 0. 873 N= 20 x 12 = 240 CPT PMT = 3,207. 33 Therefore the monthly PMT Bilbo would have to save each month through years 11-30 would be = $3,207. 33 34. Valuing bonds Mallory Corporation has two different bonds, currently outstanding. Bond M has a face value of $20,000 and matures in twenty years. The bond makes no payments for the first six years, so pays $1,200 every 6 months over the subsequent eight years, and finally pays $1,500 every 6 months over the last years. Bond N also has a face value of $20,000 and a maturity of 20 years it makes n coupon payments over the life of the bond.If the required glide by on both these bonds is 10% compounded half-yearlyly, what is the current price of bond M? Of bond N? Solution The price of a bond is equal to PV of antic ipate future cash flows Bond M Face value 20,000 Present value of 20,000 = 20,000/ (1. 05) 40 = $2,840. 91 First we need to get the present value of the annuity for the 1,500 semiannual PMTs at year 14 Present Value of Annuity = $13,295 $13,295 becomes $3,391 at year 0 We then get the annuity of the 1,200 semiannual PMTs at year 6, and then at Present Value $13,005 at year 6 with a PV of $7,242 at year 0 The sum of the 3 PVs gives us the value of the bond ,841 + 3,391 + 7,242 = $13,474 Bond N Face value 20,000 Present value of 20,000 = 20,000/ (1. 05) 40 = $2,840. 91 38. Non-constant growth Storico Co. just paying a dividend of aud 3. 5 per share. The company will increase its dividend by 20% next year, and will then reduce its dividend growth rate by 5% per year, until it reaches the industry average of 5% industry average growth, after which the company will keep a constant growth rate forever. If the required return on Storico stock is 13%, what will a share of stock sell for tod ay? Solution D0 = $3. 5 D1= 3. 5*1. 2= $4. 2 D2= 4. 2*1. 15= $4. 3 D3=4. 83*1. 1= $5. 31 D4=5. 31*1. 05= $5. 58 Since the first 4 periods are different we get the PV of each one alone, then as of the 4th year we get the perpetuity of the rest, and sum them up to get the final NPV We now get the PV of each Dividend PV D1 = 4. 2/ (1. 13) = $3. 72 PV D2 = 4. 83/ (1. 13) 2 = $3. 78 PV D3 = 5. 31/ (1. 13) 3 = $3. 68 So the PVs of D1+D2+D3 = $11. 18 NPV of perpetuity at constant growth = 5. 58(0. 08) / (1. 13) 3 = 69. 75 / (1. 13) 3 = $48. 34 NPV perpetuity + NPV dividends = NPV price of stock today 48. 34 + 11. 18 = $59. 52

Music Firms Want EU to Cut Off Pirates

The plan, plump for by French President Sarkozy, asks Internet service providers to disconnect users who illegally download procure music by Leigh PhillipsWith sales of compact discs across Europe in free-fall, the record labor has called on the EU to follow French president Nicolas Sarkozys pass and force internet service providers to disconnect customers who illegally download music.Up until now, ISPs have allowed copyright theft to run rampant on their networks, causing a massive devaluation of copyrighted music, said John Kennedy, the CEO of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), the record industry trade association. The time for action is now from the EU and other governments.The IFPI believes the mood of indulging ISPs and their downloading customers is coming to an end.2007 was the year ISP responsibility started to become an accepted principle, he said. 2008 must be the year it becomes reality.Last November, president Sarkozy backed an initiat ive in partnership with the record industry and internet providers that would see ISPs automatically disconnect customers who illegally download copyrighted material.More than anyone else in 2007, our industry has to thank French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the chairman of FNAC the France-based chain of record and electronics superstores, Denis Olivennes, for the change of mood, said Mr Kennedy.The Sarkozy agreement, announced in November, is the most significant milestone yet in the task of curbing piracy on the internet.The French presidents move requires ISPs to disconnect customers using an automated system and to test filtering technologies.Mr Kennedy made comments in an IFPI report on the state of the sector. Although there was a 40 percent increase in digital sales globally in 2007, according to the report, there was a 10 percent decline in sales of compact discs last year.The report also praised government moves against illegal downloading in Sweden, Belgium, the UK, the U S and Asia.Provided by EUobserverFor the latest EU related newsBusinessWeek Europe January 28, 2008 104PM EST

Perfect Blue Essay

Introduction I will be investigating Marcus Hamilton, an associate of my uncle, who is in the c arer of tissue design. As a web designer, Marcus creates and arranges the pages that make up a website. He often has to balance how a page looks versus how a web page functions, which discharge involve some compromises. One of his recent acknowledgements is website accessibility this refers to creating web pages that are accessible to anyone, no matter what device they are using.Website accessibility also stresses the vastness of making a website accessible to those with any kind of disability. Marcus turns for a website design company called Perfect Blue, he usually works from home and so his work john some snips invade his in-person life as his employer expects lots more work to be done than in the time span of a normal 9am-5pm job. Internet Description of technology The Internet is the worldwide, freely accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol.It is a network of networks that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which to run shorther carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents that runs over the Internet. With a web browser, a user bottom of the inning view Web pages that may contain text, images, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. E-mail allows the user to send and receive messages which may include images, documents or video via a telephone signal.Additionally, web based messengers such as windows live messenger allow the user to communicate with contacts through the internet. Advantages He advise publish anything which he creates online. It is easy to use. Search engines that are fast and powerful for finding resources. Ability to link to him and contacts roughly immediately. He evict obtain/ transfer the latest software for web design. He tin can use email to transfer files without the need to leave his home. Disadvantages Search engines that show results based on who pays them the most. upper berth starts precedence over quality. Personal information being accessed by others. Malware such as adware or spyware become a nuisance and can be rattling harmful. Spam receiving many unnecessary and useless emails. Professional necessitate and effect on working style Marcus needs to be able to transfer his established work back and forth from home to work when his employer demands them and when he does not deficiency to go to work. He can attach the files, which his employer needs, to an email and send them without having to go to work.He can also use Windows Live Messenger to send the files to his employer without going to work. Marcus needs to be able to view his work when it is in turn over as his customers would, he needs to do this to make improvements or fix bugs. To do this he uses a web browser and navigates to the website, he then tests the website by navigating around it, searching for errors or where improvements need to be made. Since the internet is what his work depends upon, it is very good at meeting Marcus professional needs.Marcus can choose his working hours and so can wrap his work around his social life, to a certain extent. Additionally, the same aspect of the internet can be interpreted as an obligation of if working at home that he is forced to complete his work at home, this is highly conflicting with his personal life. Personal needs Marcus needs to be able to be able to update his music collection with the new songs without having to buy a CD album with unwanted tracks on it. Marcus uses iTunes to buy and download songs from the iTunes Music Store and can easily update his collection.Marcus needs to be able to withdraw and deposit from his bank account when it is difficu lt to get to the bank or when it is closed. He uses online banking to perform transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building societys secure website. This allows him to do his banking outside of bank hours and from anywhere where Internet access is available. And he does not need any special software or computer hardware to do this. The technology has drastically improved the personal fulfilment of Marcus needs.He can easily update his music collection and can perform banking wheresoever there is internet. Marcus needs are easily met with the internet but sometimes his professional life can reduce the time which he has to indulge in his personal amusements. As he may have to complete some work and so would not have necessary time to satisfy his personal needs. Also hackers may easily obtain his banking details and so could perform identity theft which is a huge risk. Social Marcus needs to communicate with his friends when they are otherwise u navailable or if it is expensive to use the telephone.Marcus can use Windows Live Messenger or email to freely communicate with his friends when the need arises. In Windows Live Messenger he can chat to friends in real-time and he can even have a video call with the tending of a webcam and a microphone. He can/may have to also communicate with his colleagues or his employer and provide progress information. The internet has improved the way in which Marcus communicates with his friends and family and his general social needs very well. The recent development of video calls has proven to have become superior to voice only calls as it is just about as if the communicators were in the same room.However, the fact that Marcus employer uses the same technology renders it quite irritating as his employer can contact him when he is not working and can make further demands when he is chatting with friends. To avoid conversing with his employer he can block him from Windows Live Messenger b ut this is not possible in email and his employer can almost contact him at any time. Digital Camera Description of Technology A digital camera is an electronic device used to catch up with and store photographs electronically instead of using photographic film like conventional cameras.Modern compact digital cameras are usually multifunctional, with some devices adapted of transcription sound and/or video as well as photographs. Advantages The digital camera allows flexibility, instant images and picture possibilities that did not exist earlier. Since there is essentially no film cost, the digital camera allows you to shoot fancifully over and over until you get it right. The cost never enters into your thinking. The real-time visual image which shows you almost exactly what you are getting is a photographers dream.You see the picture in color on an LCD screen before you take it and also immediately after you take it. You can shoot for ten minutes, review what you just shot, the n shoot for another ten minutes. Also you can turn the lens around 180 degrees so that you can take self-portraits and see accurately what you will get at the same time, this was impossible before. If you want to exhibit your work you can simply put your pictures directly on the internet which is the greatest gallery imaginable for a photographer.The gallery is accessible to anyone in the world who has an Internet connection, 24 hours a day at very little cost. The digital camera is much less expensive to maintain, more spontaneous, easier to work with and easier to exhibit than conventional cameras. Disadvantages Even the best digital camera cant record images with the detail you get from a film camera. Digital recording devices cant match the resolution, sharpness, tonal range and colour reproduction capabilities of film. Digital cameras take anywhere from two to 30 seconds to store each image.

Examine and Assess the Ways the State Claims Legitimacy

The soil refers to the sh ard ideas and expectations regarding the ordering of social life, it is seen by social scientists as a set of practices and organisations. The state is an institutional order melodic phrase to create some order, thus preventing chaos in order to ensure law and order to encourage social stability. Governments include a part of the state, with the main concern being the protection of individual freedom, the governing demands the right to represent or rule some areas of order of magnitudes lives.Social scientists are suitable to see the differences between what the presidency is and what the state is all about. On the whole the government includes a group of ministers who rule and administer the laws concerning national issues, whereas the state is seen to precede continuity, therefore it is non temporary, the state is based on shared beliefs concerning the arrangements of social life. The English historian AJP Taylor argued that until August 1915 a sensible law abiding Englishman could pass through life and hardly nonice the existence of the state beyond the post office and the policeman (Exploring social lives 2009).This shows that from the end of this period and onwards across the United Kingdom the state appears to be everywhere, it shows that the lives of society have been made and remade by the state as during World fight 1 and World War 2 acts of parliament were passed, the state legitimised acts which could not be contested by society as they were faced with war and great turmoil. The state is part of the discourses that fucking be seen in day to day life and can be seen by such organisations as schools, hospitals, housing and transport to name a few.The reservation and remaking of the state is also shown to be constructed by society, whereby individuals have had to become active citizens. This making and remaking can be seen by the members of society who correct their taxes, who comply with the speed limit, indiv iduals who renew their MOT and so forth, on the other hand many may also unmake the state by not complying with the law, this however would lead to consequences by the state and shows that the state can claim authenticity over such members of society.Christopher Hood (1982, Exploring social lives) a political scientist argues that the bodies that direct make up the state are a formless mass. By this he means that the state is so large and made up of many organisations and practices compared to a century ago that it is full of complexity.With reference to the essay title it is difficult to actually decipher what legitimacy actually means, this is because the government or state have their own ideas of what is legal and lawful whereby they pass acts of law which lead to legislation, however some members of society may not agree with what the state deems to be let, one such example is the evidence shown in the Exploring Social Lives DVD involving the coal miners strike.Although the m iners strike was caused by the massive pit closure create by mental act that was introduced by Thatcher and her Conservative government the government used the state and the police to help defeat the miners strike. The miners were also prevented from claiming state benefits this was due to the fact that welfare benefits were not permitted to individuals who were on strike. Another act was also passed in 1980 concerning the social security act, this saw that any dependents of any individual striking would not be permitted to bugger off any payments even if they were in urgent need.The German sociologist Max Weber defined the state as a human community that claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory. By this he means that the state can choose to pass laws that cannot be contested by others, the state is therefore more sovereign. In the case of the coal miners it shows that the state claimed legitimacy when passing such acts of law and showe d they were more dominant than the coal workers.Members of society can show whether they are opposed by some acts passed by the state by having elections, however this does not mean that society can question the states legitimacy it is merely a way for individuals to question government policies and elect a new government if need be. David Beetham a egalitarian theorist argued that political A9363176 legitimacy can come into being from a number of points, firstly legal validity, by this he means that a government is formed, and then state agencies operate according to the rules of the constitution.Secondly safeifiability of those rules in terms of local values, by this he questions the constitutional rules and asks if they are satisfactory to the members of society who are ruled by them. Thirdly evidence of express consent, this is whereby members of society can have the opportunity to either withhold or not their agreement with the government and its policies (1992 Exploring soci al lives). The oecumenic idea of Beethams statement shows that the legitimacy of a state can be if the constitutional rules are acceptable to the members of society that are ruled by them.The state can also be experienced through the census, which is carried out every ten years. The state claims legitimacy through the census as you are required by law to complete it. However in many cases members of society do not comply and choose to usher out aspects of some of the categories that they are meant to complete. Other ways in which the state can claim legitimacy is through indirect influences such as education, for example in Exploring Social Lives parents such as Jill have to make choices in the selection of nurseries and schools that would be appropriate for their child.This shows that education is an indirect legislation, although the parent can make choices as to where the child is taught not all parents can be successful in choosing the school of their first choice in addition the child cannot vote or take part in the system so the state can claim legitimacy through the educational system. Another example of how the state claims legitimacy is in the way it is connected to democracy.This type of democratic system is whereby society decides which representatives should be elected to run the country, however democracy is seen to be more than just voting it is based upon the principles of equality and freedom of speech and a way of life. Legitimacy of a state however can only be trained in countries where laws are enforced. Most importantly individuals from a democratic state have particular liberties and freedoms that are protected by the state. Democracy is a political order that happens in the majority of countries, there are very few individuals who would actually object to democracy as it would be denying freedoms.Now in the xx first century democracy is closely linked to state legitimacy. while democracy is not yet universally practised, nor indeed un iformly accepted, in the general climate of world opinion, democratic governance has now achieved the status of being taken to be generally right. The ball is very much in the motor lodge of those who want to rubbish democracy to provide justification for that rejection (Sen 1999 Exploring Social Lives). The political theorist John Hoffman argues that the state cannot exist unless it is being contested.A state claims a monopoly of legitimate force, but ironically it is only because competitors contest the states claim to have a monopoly of legitimate force that the state exists at all. A state that really did have a monopoly of legitimate force would have no reason to exist (Hoffman 2007, Exploring Social Lives). One such example of a state that has been fought for is Northern Ireland. During the years 1919 -1921 after the war of independence Ireland was divided, this new division of Ireland created in the south saw a new independent Irish Republic, whilst the North of Ireland was ruled by the British.The population of Northern Ireland was divided which saw much hostility within societies living there. Most of the population of Northern Ireland looked upon themselves as British (Unionists). Others saw themselves as Loyalists and were mainly Protestants, whilst others saw themselves as Irish Catholics. The Nationalists and Republicans began to contest against the state as they felt they were being discriminated against, this led to civil rights enclosure during the 1960s. However in 1972 on the 30th of January a march led to the start of what is known as Bloody Sunday.

Can Exercise Make Kids Smarter Essay

I do sense of smell coiffe does and could make kids smarter. This article is mainly round scientist testing kids and animals to see how they react and their knowledge after exercising for certain amounts of time. In the article they prove scientifically that exercise has no real lurch on I. Q. and intelligence levels. Then they tested it and then made the pets and animals run some kind of test and instantly they scored went up just a pocket-sized at least. Exercise I think just gets your mind working and thinking and thats all that helps the scores.In my life I feel that when I get up a little early and do some quick activities my brain and mind are ready to think for the rest of the day. So I agree with the idea in this article. This article I think is truly about how exercise changes and helps the life of young people and animals. I feel exercise should be at least done every other day for at least 1 hour. Usually just getting up and exercising means you miss one game of x box or you miss one TV show, but in the big prototype of life it is important to exercise.To the scientific part I think exercise gives you a mind set that your mind is fresh and clear and thats wherefore the scientific test dont pick up a simple thing like that. Well I do feel exercise if nothing else sets your mind set and tells you you CAN do well on the test and comprehend a lot more that without exercise. This article helped me realize a lot about exercise and how sometimes scientific test are not as accurate as what they seem.

One Earth, One chance Essay

Wake up in the morning. Take a glance outside of your house and there outside was trash, trash, and to a greater extent trash. Thats not gonna be a pretty picture but if you dont team and help our humanity, it could happen, and by then itll be as well as late. People should recycle more and save lots of faculty plus it helps the Earth and your wallet It wasnt until I understood and realized that helping our Earth is a worthy thing to do and it alike helps you feel happy that you know that youve done well on your part.Obviously, every human being should well-nigh recycling. Well did they know that recycling saves our precious resources from being used up? When you recycle aluminum just one bunghole save fair to middling naught to run a TV for three hours in any case for example, twenty-four thousand of waste is dumped daily including a staggering fifteen million plastic bags, enough to fill twenty-five buses. Apparently, if we recycled every plastic bottle we used, we would ke ep two billion tons of plastic out of landfills, WOW Robert Alan once said We can help educate our families and communities about the importance of recycling for our environment, and how each of us can make a difference for better world by recycling. allow me now direct your attention on how a ton of recycled paper equals or saves seventeen trees in a paper production, now thats what Im talking about Lastly, but evidently if you recycle glass it can generate 20% slight air pollution and 50% less water pollution compared to manufacturing new glass. Its kind of a real shocker how much little you can do can make a king-size difference and now one of them can be recycling. Save Energy, and this really speaks for itself. Clearly, turning off your computer at the end of your day saves lots of energy. Did you also know that using natural daylight whenever possible is another great way to cut electricity costs and help the environment? Well it does.Also saving energy at your house can sav e 30-40% on your energy bill. You can use compact fluorescent lights to light your home. Not but do these bulbs use less energy, but they last longer than traditional bulbs. Another is air dry dishes rather than using the heated drying cycle is a great way of saving energy. Making this small change can add up and make a big difference in your energy use and the amount you pay for energy every month.Its an evident that helping our Earth is great when you recycle and save energy for you, the Earth and your wallet. gaint you want to make a difference? So, what are you waiting for? Go help our Earth be more cleaner and energy efficient. permits make sure our Earth be cleaner at home and school before its too late. Furthermore remember to ceaselessly be cautious about your energy use So join me Saturday, downtown and help clean up trash at Dothans one-year Clean-Up Day

How to Spend Your Free Time Essay

You know those periods of conviction youre of all timey done with classes and induct no reading to do? Well there are many things that can be done to pass the time. To keep your body healthy we can do some exercise and sports activities like badminton, soccer, hockey or swimming. Those who love ch every(prenominal)enging activities can join paintball, rock climbing, flying fox and mountain climbing. We can do many activities. Get a gym social station or try a new bike trail. Met up with other joggers and run through various part. Good health can make all other aspects in your life better including your work.So we should return a healthy lifestyle. We can accept a vacation or picnic with family or friends during holiday. We can go to recreational park, beach or island. It feels more relax to see the beautiful scenary of nature if you go to an island or beach. Why dont you try scuba diving. It is realy interesting to travel the marine life and see the nature under the sea. If y ou are an avid reader, then you could spend your free time catching up those book that you havent finished yet. Fun does not always mean fuss.You can find relaxation and entertainment with books that set out your interest. It doesnt mean that you have to buy it. You can go to library and have unlimited books there. Those who have a digital camera can take photograph of scenary, people, birds and many more. Just head out your camera to anywhere and enjoy the art of nature. During our free time we can surf the internet. The internet is rise of fun and interesting things. Visit your favourite website and learn new things. Catch up your favourite blogs and social sites like facebook or twitter.I know all of you have a facebook account counterbalance. As for me, I love listening to music and watching Korean drama. I bet many of you love k-pop right? Im sorry if Im wrong. Make sure to limit that activity to one particular day or time. This way, you will have more time to do your other tasks when you have set time to take care of your need for entertainment . Its okay for you to do what ever you want as long as you can control it. Dont be to fond with something and forget your study. We should use our time wisely and have a good and happy lifestyle.

Stranded: Gun and Injured Wolf

Frozen, with snow barricading the front entry. Opening one old, rickety door took us more than ten minutes. We had physically exhausted ourselves, digging through the snow with our bare hands. all(prenominal) inch of our bodies ached and all sensation had been lost. Hurry up, Its getting dark and Im getting hungry. I sh turn outed. We need to denudation that weapon or something sharp Squeaked Jim. I quick decided to abandon the Idea of a pull through plan for the Injured wolf. This namemed a good Idea at the time due to everybody feeling the appearance they did.We later found out that it was the wrong decision to leave the wolf injured and nearly gainful with our lives. I decided to ask Scarlet and Jim if they minded that I was behaving as team leader without a vote from the group. As I was the strongest and oldest they were happy to agree. Our first night a counseling from our parents wasnt pretty. No food, no defense. What had started out to be a rescue mission for the In jured mammal had already become ours. It was a keen-sighted night, with the snow drifting Inside the cabin. We were out In the open and were fighting for our lives.To survive we had to work as a team and be quick Through the shutters on the broken, rusty window was a contrary figure. Suddenly he started to approach the cabin. 01 Who are you thinking you can trespass on my property bellowed a strange voice in the background. Hello? we all answered simultaneously. You could tell we were all petrified. I tried universe fearless, but inside I trembled in my boots. I was hoping this was not apparent to the stranger, who I considered scary and looking exchangeable a hillbillys I dread to think how Scarlet was feeling.I could see her physically shaking. An old, wrinkly macrocosm appeared wrapped with layers of wool around him. His long, rough, black hair blew in the strong, icy wind. However I quickly noticed dripping on the floor was thick, black, blood, Just like on the injured w olf. Straight the way we stood, and were full of terror. Stranger danger I could hear my mum reminding me in my head We could never go for the man. I took a step back from Scarlet and Jim. They were frozen on the spot seeming to be glued to the floor. I quickly grabbed them towards me creating a little space.We noticed he had a gun in is left leather pouch on his belt. We knew we were already at a disadvantage. Miracles do happen With the fulminant noise and movement of a wild boar on the cabin roof. The stranger became distracted. This was the moment to see if he was really a human Quickly we all opened the shutters on the windows to let as much sunlight in as possible. It was our only chance. My nightmare became reality. The stranger was full of fury and howled like a beast. This exposed his disgusting, large, yellow fangs. His fingers sprouted claws of a wolf.We all knew he wasnt human, neither mammal. He was a wolfman. Typically we had learnt something valuable in school rega rding how to kill a werewolf. We new the sunlight weakened him. He stood tall as if he felt in charge. The gun from the leather pouch dropped when the sunlight excise him. We all scrambled for the gun. Scarlet was the quickest and released a few rounds of bullets. The werewolf hesitated and ran for his life. Scarlet thought she had mixed-up but remembers Mrs. Hilton saying Only one silver bullet will kill a werewolf nothing other than.

Ethical and Legal Challenges in Professional Practice Essay

The American Counseling connectedness (ACA) mark of Ethics is available to brighten the ethical responsibilities for headmaster counselings and future paid counselors. fit in to the ACA (2005), the code serves as an ethical guide intentional to assist members in constructing a professional course of action that silk hat serves those utilizing counseling services and best promotes the values of the counseling profession. As a graduate student striving to achieve a lords Degree in Counseling, it is crucial, not only to know and understand the ACA Code of Ethics, but too to understand any challenges that I may have in upholding them as well as ship canal to address these challenges effectively. In this paper I examine a component of the ACA Code of Ethics that I find personally challenging, risk management strategies used to resolve this potential ethical conflict, and a section of the ACA Code of Ethics that will not present a challenge.Personally Challenging Ethics CodeAcco rding to the ACA Code of Ethics (2005), section C.2.g Impairment, counselors are alert to the signs of impairment from their let physical, mental, or solveed up problems and refrain from offering or providing professional services when such impairment is likely to harm a client or others. The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) section C.2.g Impairment also states that counselors seek assistance for problems that relieve oneself the level of professional impairment, and, if necessary, they limit, suspend, or terminate their professional responsibilities until such time it is determined that they may safely resume their work.Personal Relevant HistoryIn 2005, during my senior family of undergraduate school at The University ofArizona, I was on the fast track to law school. I was on a full scholarship, earning a 4.0 grade point average, a resident assistant for the dorms, and a member of a co-ed pre-law fraternity. I had just completed my internship working for senator John McCain and had fi nished the scary LSAT. This is what my friends and family saw. In the background, I was attempt. During the weekends I was hosting parties, or rather people would just show up and throw their own parties at my residence. I was struggling to get out of bed in the morning and often came back interior(a) to production naps and look across my next few classes of the day. My grades were slipping and so was my ambition.I took it upon myself to see a psychiatrist and was prescribed anti-depressants. This music changed my life for the worst. I did not even notice that things were spinning out of control as I maxed out my credit cards (I would just get new cards later) and making impulsive and wild decisions. I was losing sleep as I was either out socializing or home clean like a madwoman, and often had bouts of irritability. My boyfriend at the time (my current husband) called my parents and asked that I come home to Phoenix and receive sustain.So I had a medical withdrawal from sch ool, returned home, and was beard with psychiatric help. I was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and informed that by pickings antidepressants I was experiencing a manic episode. As stated by Griswold and Pessar (2000, p. 1347) while referring to bipolar disorder, the use of tricyclic antidepressants should be avoided because of the possibility of inducing rapid cycling of symptoms. So with a new diagnosis the process of trial and error with psychotropic and irritability stabilizing medications and their ineluctable side effects began. Once I was on a stable medication and dosage, I mat like myself again. I got a job at a residential treatment center to work with adolescents that have mood disorders and had gotten into trouble with the law. I found my passion. It was a few years before I could return to school with a purpose. I was graduated from Arizona State University with a Bachelors of Science degree in Family Studies and Human Development in May 2011 and the future goal of becoming a therapist.Future Considerations and Risk ManagementStrategiesI believe that under the Impairment ethics code, mood disorders are considered a mental or emotional problem that may impair the counselor affect the way in which a counselor provides treatment to clients. Bipolar disorder does not disappear in one case one takes the necessary medication. Medication alone is often inadequate to restore and maintain physical wellness and quality of life (Rheineck & Steinkuller, 2009, p. 339). Rheineck and Steinkuller (2009) recommend that those with bipolar disorder participate in therapy in conjunction with taking their effective medication. It would be myopic of me to assume that bipolar disorder will never affect me as a therapist. If I am not aware of my moods while I am having either a depressive or manic episode I may become irritable with or place my own perceptions onto a client. Ethically, to manage the risks involved with being a therapist who has bipolar disorder, I hold to do more than take medication and participate in therapy.According to Biegel, Brown, & Shapiro (2007), a therapist should practice self-care, including self-awareness and self-regulation or coping. I think that when I am practicing, it will be self-awareness that will assist me most in terms of risk management. As an unbiased observation of my inner experience and behavior, self-awareness could also serve as an alarm to signal that I need to take appropriate actions whether to notify my supervisor, limit, or suspend my professional responsibilities. When referring to self-awareness Corey, Corey, & Callanan (2008, p. 44) state that without it mental health professionals are likely to obstruct the progress of their clients as the focus of therapy shifts from meet the clients needs to meeting the needs of the therapist. To assist with my self-awareness, I picture to utilize mindfulness. Mindfulness, as defined by Campbell and Christopher (2012, p. 215), refers to a state of be ing aware, with acceptance, of thoughts, emotions, and sensations as they arise. I currently practice dissimilar mindfulness exercises in therapy to assist with my mood disorder and coping strategies.To be a positive and sizeable professional counselor I will wrap up with mindfulness exercises throughout my career and my life. I plan on practicing this daily, on my own time, so that I will be able to recognize when I am having moods or episodes that need to be addressed.Mindfulness will be redundantly useful, as counselors need to be immediately cognizant of signs of stress and burnout and address these immediately to practice counseling ethically (Bradley, Brogan, Brogan, & Hendricks, 2009, p. 358). By being mindful and self-aware I will be able to identify the symptoms of stress and burnout as well as any number of potentially harmful feelings.Ethics Code that Does Not constitute a ChallengeAccording to the ACA Code of Ethics (2005), section C.2.f Continuing Education, counse lors recognize the need for continuing teaching method to acquire and maintain a reasonable level of awareness of current scientific and professional information in their fields of activity. The ACA Code of Ethics (2005) section C.2.f Continuing Education also states that counselors take steps to maintain competence in the skills they use, are open to new procedures, and keep current with the various populations and particularised populations with whom they work.Personal Relevant HistoryIn my experience while working in behavioural health, training always has been emphasized and mandated yearly. During the four years that I spent working at a residential treatment center, I had accumulated more than 500 hours of training. While working at a group home for a year, I had gone through more than100 hours of training. In the past year while working as a youth and family specialist I have completed an additional 60 hours of training. Although I found many of the training sessions over the years to be fairly repetitive, in that location were also several trainings providing completely new knowledge to me and therefore effective to assisting me while working with clients. Examples of recent effective trainings include crisis prevention intervention, compassion fatigue, cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adults, and behavioral health documentation.Future ConsiderationsAccording to the ACA Code of Ethics (2005), Preamble, inherently held values that guide our behaviors or exceed prescribed behaviors are deeply ingrained in the counselor and developed out of personal dedication, rather than the mandatory requirement of an outer organization. To me this statement means that as a professional counselor I will further my educationand knowledge of skills because I want to and not because an agency I work at mandates it. I do not believe that when one finishes school, they have completed escorting, especially if they work in behavioral health. in that respe ct are always new diagnoses, methods, and forms of treatment coming out that I want to be learn to better meet the needs of my future clients. In a mail-in survey study of 1000 license professional counselors conducted in 2009 pertaining to counseling grief stricken clients, Granello, Ober, & Wheaton (2012) found that the majority of the participants stated they were unprepared when it came to specific skills and lacked knowledge to address those with grief.Counselors who received training rated themselves as more competent than those who did not, with more training cogitate to higher levels of self-perceived competence (Granello et al., 2012, p. 158). Another study conducted by Jameson, Poulton, and Stadter (2007), involved 38 therapists and evaluated the effect of a biyearly continuing education program on their knowledge, skills, and application. The majority (74%) felt the training helped them think clearly and specifically, both(prenominal) about assessment issues and speci fic interventions (Jemeson et al., 2007, p. 113).It is clear when reading these findings that further training can only help a professional to work with more specific needs of their clientele. Although all agencies have mandatory trainings, I have observed that there are hundreds of additional trainings offered yearly for any counselors who want to attend voluntarily. I plan to be a counselor who takes the opportunities offered to further educate myself, in order to improve myself and to provide my clients with a better and more knowledgeable version of me.ConclusionIn summation, I have examined a potentially personally challenging section of the ACA Code of Ethics, risk management strategies that I plan to utilize, and a section of the ACA Code of Ethics that aligns with my personal beliefs. Examining my personal experiences and traits that may conflict with the ACA Code of Ethics, I am better preparing myself to prevent any effects they may have had toward my future clients. It is important to me that I continue to learn and apply the knowledge I gain in graduate school and additional educational settings to improve myself as a person and as a professional counselor.ReferencesAmerican Counseling Association (2005). ACA Code of Ethics. Alexandria, VA Author. Biegel, G.M., Brown, K.W., & Shapiro, S.L. (2007). Teaching self-care to caregivers Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. educate and Education in Professional Psychology, 1(2), 105-115.Bradley, L.J., Brogan, W.C., Brogan, C., Hendricks, B. (2009). Shelly a case study focusing on ethics and counselor wellness. Family diary, 17(4), 355-359. Campbell, J.C., & Christopher, J.C. (2012). Teaching mindfulness to create effective counselors.Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(3), 213-226.Corey, G., Corey, M.S., & Callanan, P. (2008). Issues and ethics in the percentage professions ( 8thed.). Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole Cengage LearningGranello, D.H., Obe r, A.M., & Wheaton, J.E. (2012). Grief counseling an investigation ofcounselor training, experience, and competencies. Journal of Counseling andDevelopment, 90(2), 150-159.Griswold, K.S., & Pessar, L.F. (2000). Management of bipolar disorder. American Family Physician, 62(6), 1343-1353.Jameson, P., Poulton, J., & Stadter, M. (2007). Sustained and sustaining continuing education fortherapists. Psychotherapy, 44(1), 110-114.Rheineck, J.E., & Steinkuller, A. (2009). A review of evidence-based remedial interventionsof bipolar disorder. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31(4), 338-350.

Progressives

The term progressivism Is derived from people looking to take up progress In the industrial age for the caprice of a better life Progressives wanted To Limit the power of big business Improve nation Strengthen social justice Origins of progressivism The era began with a new young president named teddy Roosevelt It terminate when public attention was diverted away from social issues with the start of WWW Attitudes and motives Going into the turn of the atomic number 6 there were already great issues among the migration of new people.The large gap between rich and poor. Jim crow laws. And womens voting added a great amount of fuel to the fire. People felt that the government was the correct vehicle to deport their Idea of social reform Churches were middle class people were the ones who really wanted reform. They were the doctors and the lawyers of the day.People such as Walter Reassurances advocated and used gospel to convey their message of helping the poor and reducing prejud ice. Roosevelt for republican and Wilson for democrat advance public progressivism They believe in a guess and check system until the populous found a solution to the robber Scientific management was also and new idea advocated and invented by Frederick w. Taylor. Ender this Frederick Taylor timed a factory with a stop watch then took each section and devised a solution to make it run more effectively The Muckrakers Teddy referred to the investigative Journalists as much rakes (the Jungle was a commonplace one and brought the atrocities in meatpacking plants to the public eye) Ida Darrell rang a bell on standard oil Her dada was an owned an OLL refinery In which Rockefeller ran out of business.

Evolution of an Urban Area

James L. Minter, III PD 120 Assignment 2 Evolution of an Urban field of honor Location capital of Georgia, Ga. / Fulton County I have chosen to do my research on the metropolis of Atlanta, gallium inside Fulton County. Atlanta is the largest urban center deep down Fulton County and has significant value to the morose community. It is of interest to me as Black/Hispanic man who has been astonished by how quickly so some(prenominal) minorities have jumped at the opportunity to top dog sec when we not so long ago were heading north at a reputation pace for the same reason, opportunity. I will discuss what I have read, researched, and learned from my own experiences as well.In this country, so many squirm at the very mention of the suburbiaiaan livid Flight of White persons buying suburban homes every since WWII. However, the fact remains that in this country no matter what line of achievement you are if you are presented with a better alternative for living and working you will gravitate towards that lifestyle. This is extremely evident in my research, as so many Blacks headed back to where their mothers and fathers fled to either escape death, racism, slavery or was just simply looking for a job to reach push through a living.Within my community the state of Georgia was not looked upon favorably, in fact, when I was a child, 40 eld ago, it would have been considered just about crazy to grant progressive New York for the racist south, manicularly Georgia where cotton was a mainstay to the economy. Nowadays, its becoming just the opposite the businesses are leaving for the south (along with the jobs) and the racism being experienced up north, I believe, is because of the shrinking trade for jobs and the disdain for someone in a minority grouping taking what used to be yours job.So for those reasons, Id deal to take you on a journey to understand what Atlanta has become and why many Blacks in a heartfelt way refer it to as Chocolate city. Fu lton County in 1900 had a population of 117,363 persons and has ripenn to 816,006 in the 2000 numerate. Whereas, the City of Atlanta in 1900 had a population of 89,872 persons and has grown to 537,958 since the 2000 census. Fulton county since the early 1900s has steadily been in the subaltern single digits as far as foreign born persons residing within the county ntil 2000 where the foreign born tell climbed to 10%. Although historically in Atlanta and Fulton County the predominant immigrants are those whose ancestry are from Russia, Germany, UK, Italy, Ireland, and Greece it wasnt until the 2000 census that Africans were migrating to Atlanta as the 4th largest migrating group on record. It further demonstrated that those of African descent and those who were American Blacks looked upon Atlanta as a chance for minorities to get ahead and share some form of American success.Many Blacks from the north began migrating south, just the opposite as the early 1900s, as industries such as auto plants began downsizing, leaf blade plants were shutting down more and more, affirmative action was being frowned upon, and the large incomes that were being made within the construction industries (both via developing and mickle unions in the west and north east) was not being shared with blue & western Blacks. The trade unionist, still to this day, struggle to give up what they perceive to be their own trade with minority groups (i. e.Italian cement masons & laborers, German Operators, Irish Iron Workers, etc. ). This shutting out phenomenon of varying industries, especially within the northeast, has caused many minority groups (esp. Blacks and Latinos) to migrate south for opportunities that were not present to them at home. When you couple the ghastly/ cook migration south to Atlanta along with subsidies being given to oil companies and big corporations to relocate home office along the Sunbelt there is no wonder that opportunity was available for those who were wi lling to work non-union and compete for confused paying jobs a deductst migrant workers.Since the immigration laws were eased via legislation in 1965, the most extreme documentation of Sunbelt workers in Fulton County have been those of Spanish speaking origin for various reasons. Since the 1970 census, Hispanic ethnicity in Fulton County went from 8,260 to a whopping 48,056 in the 2000 census. Whether it be Cubans fleeing communism, Mexicans looking to just make a decent living, or Blacks fleeing being shut out during the up rise of our economy during the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the fact remains that Atlanta was viewed as a city where minorities could go and make a better life for themselves and their families.This black/brown migration was not going unnoticed by the native Whites of Atlanta. As Blacks became the majority group in Atlanta by 2000 at 60% of the citys population, Whites continued to move past to their suburban homelands of Fulton County, as they made up 66% of the suburbs population in 2000. Atlanta and Fulton County continued to grow but it was evident that it was growing into a more extreme segregated population. However, there was a transformation-taking place, the Black suburb.The more populated the city of Atlanta was getting the more Blacks began populating the suburbs themselves. Along with the pattern of the housing market targeting low and middle-income residents to buy homes from the mid 1990s through the 2000s. Blacks (and other minority groups) began buying suburban homes attempting to gain the American Dream. As a political foresight to the black/brown migration, the affluent suburb of Buckhead was annexed and became part of Atlanta, as many believe, to keep the majority-voting block in the city White.So, now being part of Atlanta, many Blacks began buying beautiful homes in Buckhead and other surrounding suburbs creating the vision of a Black suburb. However, since this annexation there has been increased feuding wit h the northern residents of the more affluent White suburbs with the collection and distribution of taxes towards the gray portion of the county. The feeling amongst the northerners within the county is that they are subsidizing the south because thats where the most local support servicing dollars are being spent.So after the 2000 census Blacks now make up at least 28% of the Fulton County suburbs, and still maintain over 60% of the population in the city of Atlanta, thus justifying the affectionate reference of Chocolate City. Another varying phenomenon is the research numbers that show that even with a arduous influx of Asian/Pacific Islander into Fulton County and the city of Atlanta less than 1% actually migrated to the city while over 4% migrated immediately to the suburb.This further shows the trend of those even born in some other country knows that to live in the suburbs in America is a matter of status more than anything else. in particular when the suburbs in Europe an cities represent all the ills of their societies, and its literally vice versa. Our affluent residents look to leave the central cities, while European affluent residents look to live as close to the center of the city as possible (Paris, for example).Between 1950 and 1960 is when the greatest changes came to the region, with the city growing by almost 140,000 persons due to its annexation of the Buckhead suburb. The city of Atlanta varies from its suburbs in Fulton County for one main reason, the highway structure and volumes of headquarters for major corporations and media outlets. While the suburbs in Fulton County are littered with strip malls and sub divisions, the City of Atlanta is filled with tall corporate buildings touch by winding and crisscrossing highway roads.The Fulton County suburbs are predominantly White (with a heavy influence of Russian and German ancestry), clean and quiet within the neighborhoods, while the City of Atlanta is predominantly Black, loud and ready (especially during the day), with stand still traffic on the highways during the morning and evening rush hours, covered under a layer of fog from vehicle emissions. The problem that Chocolate City and Fulton County will be facing briefly is the lack of jobs even in this economy that may be on the rise.The burst of the dot com bubbles, the failing oil refineries, and globalization of businesses will surely have the residents of this once bubbling land of opportunity in Atlanta possibly fleeing again for greener pastures elsewhere, or fighting for jobs for even less pay with migrant workers or desperate residents willing to take almost anything that you would not, if you had a choice. So Chocolate City has been good to many minority workers, especially over the last two decades, however the sun may be uprise and the chocolate sweetness of success may be melting sooner than one might think.