Tuesday, December 24, 2019

My Passion For The Field Of Psychology - 1091 Words

â€Å"Lay on the ground where ever you are and stay there!† â€Å"Lock all the doors and windows right now!† â€Å"Turn off all the lights and the television, now! right now!† â€Å"Grab all your documents!† my mother franticly cried out as the sound of gunshots continued. â€Å"You said we would never have to deal with the sound of gunshots again being in America! You said we were going to be safe! Is this what you call the safe haven from Liberia! Why did you have to bring us here! when will we ever feel safe?† my older sister lashed out at my mother and headed upstairs. That family incident which fortunately turned out to be the military training at the base near our home, turned my curiosity into passion for the field of psychology. Knowing what I know now based on the knowledge I acquired as an undergraduate student, I understand that the gunshots that night triggered a negative emotional response from my family. This response was based on the trauma we all experienced during the 2003 Liberian civil war. Trying to understand that incident left a lot of unanswered questions such as: Why did my mother panic, why did my sister lash out at my mother, and why didn t the sound of gunshots trigger any emotional response from me when we all experienced the war? Answers for these questions fueled my passion for psychology furthermore as I began researching trauma in order to get answers about everyone’s reactions to the incident of that night. My passion for a deeper understanding into peopleShow MoreRelatedI Am Capable Of Achieving The Field Of Ps ychology And Communication Design1279 Words   |  6 Pagesfailures are mostly likely due to the lack of passion and dedication, for objectives should be set only when one is certain of what they desire.After careful consideration, the goals I set for myself consist only of what I know I am capable of achieving. These ambitions I bear regarding my future education and career have been thought out carefully and thoroughly. My objective is to further my education and obtain a career in the fields of Psychology and Communication Design. Each individual reflectsRead MoreWhy I Started My Academic Career854 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I started my academic career as an undergrad, I pursued pre-law and envisioned myself becoming a paralegal in the criminal sector. I completed an academic placement test in order to be accepted into a particular collage for paralegal studies. The test recommended that I not pursue pre-law, but I was stubborn and insisted that was my goal. They accepted me into the program after a meeting with the head of the program. After one semester, I excelled in my course work but realized that lawRead MoreDear University Of Groningen Clinical Neuropsychology Master1126 Words   |  5 Pagespart of the clinical realm of psychology and apply my understanding of the brain directly to those in need. After exploring the faculty associated with the clinical neuropsychology program, I additionally came across several faculty members whose research focus and interests immediately caught my attention, su ch as Dr. Barelds, Dr. Visser-Keizer, Dr. Geuze, A.E. den Heijer, T.B. Kok, and Dr. Schoevers. The researchers listed all provide a unique perspective within the field of neuropsychology, whileRead MorePsychology And Pursue A Career928 Words   |  4 PagesA few years ago, my future and my goals were clear: I would graduate in 2017 with a Bachelor’s of Science in Psychology and pursue a career in therapeutic counseling. However, my plans were altered after I was exposed to the research side of psychology. I was drawn in by the psychological insight shed on tragedies like the holocaust, why no witnesses helped Kitty Genovese after she had been stabbed, how a rape victim can misremember their assailant, and possible solutions to decrease prejudiced attitudesRead MoreMy Interest In School Psychology Is A Sheer Result Of My1747 Words   |  7 PagesMy interest in School Psychology is a sheer result of my experiences at various workplaces and certain decisions I have opted for i n my life. These experiences have prepared me to pursue advanced studies in the field, while strengthening my passion and in providing me with the background required to succeed in this important area. In order to achieve my full potential in the field, I look forward to entering MEd/EdS program at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. I immensely enjoy working inRead MoreMy Career Goals Of Becoming An Applied Social Psychologist982 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Statement A few years ago, my future and my goals were clear: I would graduate in 2017 with a Bachelor’s of Science in Psychology and pursue a career in therapeutic counseling. However, my plans were altered after I was exposed to the research side of psychology. I was drawn in by the psychological insight shed on tragedies like the holocaust, why no witnesses helped Kitty Genovese after she had been stabbed, how a rape victim can misremember his or her assailant, and possible solutionsRead MoreI Am A Bachelor Of Science Psychology848 Words   |  4 Pages I am a Bachelor of Science Psychology major at my university, and my love for behavioral sciences is so impeccable that I am complex on deciding what area to choose for my future career. I come from a family with members who suffer from either mental disorder, substance abuse, or adolescence issues. So it makes my decision even more difficult, because I want to help the world. However, I am leaning more towards a career in social w ork because the field is so diverse. Social work allows you toRead MoreStatment of Purpose for Psychologists and Fashion Designers924 Words   |  4 Pagessituations. They both get to encounter interesting people in their fields and with cliental which is always nice. I’m not always a social person but it appeals to me to be able to meet and work with different kinds of that share my passion either in psychology or fashion. It would be good to be able to broaden my own mindset in psychology and inspire me in the field of fashion. Since I’m artistic I love being given ideas that I can then make my own. Psychologists are concerned with the brain which has alwaysRead MoreWhat I Have Learned From Law Enforcement941 Words   |  4 Pagesfar removed from that of a consulting psychologist. Law enforcement had always been my career direction and was the driving force behind my master’s program choice, Forensic Psychology. However, something occurred during my progra m. I found myself more intrigued with psychology and how its principles can positively affect an organization more than law enforcement. As I began my career in business psychology with this doctoral program, I desire to not forget what I have learned from law enforcementRead MoreMy First Trial Of Making Chinese Food Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesI love cooking since my first trial of making Chinese food. I enjoy not only the dainty dishes I made, but also the process I make them. It is always interesting to observe the ingredients like veggies or seafood change their flavor and color, become soft or crispy, and finally integrated into a perfect dish. My passion on psychology shares similar reason when I first read a book of developmental psychology. I enjoy observing behaviors of people and figuring out the reason behind it. It is really

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Technology Is a Hindrance Free Essays

In recent times, technological advances have become an absolutely central part of our lives. Technological advances can gain access to various information and entertainment. However, it is said that technology is a hindrance, not a help, to students because they are distracted by technological advances and wasting too much too much time on computer games and other new technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Is a Hindrance or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion, those technologies are the tool for students to learn and gain access information. Take for example, when we have to do project or homework, we may need to search information, word process the content and present the project by using the computer. There is much information in the internet. When we want to make a birthday cake, we can search the recipe in the internet immediately. You can look up for the dictionary machine instead of the bulky cumbersome dictionary. At school, teachers use the projectors to teach instead of the textbook. Technology is a component of modern education. Without it, students will not learn the skills they need to succeed in a global work environment which is increasingly dependent on new technology. For instance, Students who learn how to make graphs and how to use presentation software will learn some of the skills they need to work in many business environment. Moreover, because of the technology, the relationship between the students and teachers are more closed. If there are any questions that you want to ask the teachers, you can not ask them immediately. Nevertheless, it is not a problem with the technology. You can call or email the teachers to ask for help. Through the technological advances, you can work and learn more effectively can efficiently. All these need the help of technology. However, there are also hindrances for students sometimes. There are many entertainment options such as computer games, television which is easy for students to get distracted. Students may make their time networking, entertaining on those technologies. As a result, they will fine it hard to concentrate in class and lose focus on study easily. Yet, if students use those advances appropriately, will they still waste too much time on websites, networking? If they are self-discipline, it won’t be a hindrance for them. Contrary, they can learn to be self-discipline. Above all, technology does more goods than harms. I think technology is not a hindrance but a help when they have proper time management and a correct attitude to technology. How to cite Technology Is a Hindrance, Essays

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Alzheimers Empowering Family Caregivers free essay sample

People who know someone who has just been analyzed with Alzheimer’s, have a hard time trying to figure out what to do and who to go to for help (Empowering Family Caregivers, p.1). As has been said by author Daniel Kuhn, the premature stages of Alzheimer’s are the worst times for relations and friends as they frequently have no idea about the disease or how they can help out the patient. For their help, this book is what they need (Lyons, p.1 and For Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimers Disease, p.1). The book under consideration consists of three sections. First of all it tells about the causes and symptoms of the diseases. Then it moves on to how people can help their loved ones who have the disease and then it tells us about how families and caregivers can help out the patient as well as take care of themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimers Empowering Family Caregivers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Summary Alzheimer’s disease is a very common brain disorder and has been referred as dementia a lot of times (Hoyle, p.1). This latest edition of the book encloses modernized information on threat factors, healing, and probable means of deterrence. A new chapter has been included in the book by the name of, â€Å"Voices of Experience,† that is full of recalls by members of the family of people with Alzheimer’s family members who have subsisted all the way through the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease, with thoughts about what worked and what had negative effects in their management of their family member suffering from the disease. What is more is that the book contains information related to two innovative drugs accepted ever since 1999 and the pronouncement by the federal government to swathe the expenditure of therapy and additional services related to health and medicines by Medicare (Alzheimers Early Stages, p.1). With improved consciousness of the warning signs of Alzheimers and enhanced techniques for diagnosis, a vast number of people have started to realize that someone in their family or friends has a memory disorder. But even with such proceedings, not many books have been written on the topic so as to assist families comprehend and deal with the early stages of the disease. The author of the book, Kuhn, a social worker and schooling director at Chicagos Rush Alzheimers Disease Center has presented this book so as to direct families in budding a viewpoint of concern, putting forward apparent, existing information on the temperament of the infirmity in conjunction with stories taken from his personal practice and first-person caregiver narratives. In the words of the author, â€Å"although there are dozens of causes of dementia, AD is by far the leading one. AD destroys   cells in the part of the brain that control memory as well as other key functions such as reasoning and language, and when nerve cells in the brain die, they are not replaced† (Kuhn, p. 14). All the way through the book, Kuhn strains the significance of giving out the concern by linking others. Especially valuable is the extensive resource list of web sites, organizations, and references to consumer and professional literature (The Alzheimers Disease, p.1). The author tells us that people with Alzheimer’s do not have the ability to remain independent and he believes that essential physical needs like provisions and protection as well as the mental and societal needs should be considered (Alzheimers: Stepping Into The Leadership Role, p.1 and Community Care Options, p.1).   He tells us that the most significant symptom is progressive and unceasing memory loss. In an efficiently edited and full of information book, a skilled psychological health practitioner has focused on the early on stages of this distressing sickness (Recommended Reading, p.1). He elucidates the differentiation among Alzheimers symptoms and mutilations that take place because of usual aging or supplementary brain disorders. His clarifications of the therapeutic and physiological grounds for Alzheimers symptoms are very easy to get to. Devoid of being overdramatic he sounds perceptive to how families go through this type of trouncing. Conclusion In the light of the above discussion we can hereby culminate that the book Alzheimers Early Stages. First Steps for Families, Friends and Care-Givers, Second Edition by Daniel Kuhn, MSW presents in depth information about Alzheimers disease and covers many aspects related to it. Works Cited Alzheimers Early Stages. Retrieved on March 29, 2008 from: http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/Alzheimers-Early-Stages-First-Steps-Daniel-Kuhn/9780897933971-item.html?ref=Books%3aTrusted+Advisor%3aCT1%3aspot1 Alzheimers: Stepping Into the Leadership Role. Caregiver Channels. 2008. Pp.1 Community Care Options. National Center on Caregiving. 2003. Pp.1 Empowering Family Caregivers. Social Work Today. 2003. Pp.1. For Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimers Disease. Rush University Medical Center. 2000. Pp.1. Hoyle, Brian. Alzheimer Disease. The Encyclopedia of Science. 2005. Pp.1.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Should Parents Tell Their Children They Will Never Amount To Anything Essay Example

Should Parents Tell Their Children They Will Never Amount To Anything? Essay Somebody once said that children come to us as a blank slate, ready for us to write instructions upon them regarding life and how to live it. Children are the human equivalent of clay, putty, in the hands of their creator, that is, their parents. As such, children have no idea about where their life is headed or how to get there. It is not fair of some adults to view children as mini-me’s who should be far wiser and intelligent than their actual life years. They do not know anything about the realities of life and how to deal with it. Therefore, it is not fair for any parent to tell a child that he or she will never amount to anything. Children do not understand a lot of things because they need people who will be patient in explaining things to them and patient with their shortcomings as they develop their independence and comprehension abilities. A child is incapable of doing many things that adults take for granted because they can do it with much ease and little thought. A child is limited in what he can achieve by his age, lack of experience, and safety factors. These are hindrances that adults have already learned to overcome or get around in order to accomplish something. The inability of a child to perform as a adult does not mean that he will be a failure or never accomplish anything when he finally comes of age as an adult. Besides, parents must know by now that children learn to emulate examples. Therefore a child who is told that he will never amount to anything is a reflection mostly on the failure of the parents in his adult life more than anything else. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Parents Tell Their Children They Will Never Amount To Anything? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Should Parents Tell Their Children They Will Never Amount To Anything? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Should Parents Tell Their Children They Will Never Amount To Anything? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Parents often berate their children by telling them that they will never amount to anything out of sheer exasperation at times. It is their way of shaming their children into pushing themselves to the limit of their abilities and in the end, they hope the child will accomplish the task that has been set before him. Believe me when I say that a parent who instead shows the child patience and understanding gets farther in controlling their children and directing them towards the success the parents wish to see them achieve. After all, you catch more bees with honey than vinegar. Parents must realize that children look to them as their sole protectors. The only people they can come to in the world without being judged or pushed away. When a parent tells a child that he will never amount to anything, a child will see this as a sign that he has lost his parents love. An emotional and verbal abuse that no child can easily forget nor overcome. A child’s mother and father are the most powerful and influential figures in a child’s life. In fact, a child lives all his life trying to win his parents approval and love when he feels that his parents are not satisfied with his achievements in life. It is sad that parents do not understand how much their words can traumatize a child whether intentionally or non intentionally. A child requires a loving hand as he navigates his way to adulthood. He does not need his parents to put him down during this early stage in his life when he is struggling to realize his potential as a person and slowly begin his ascent to personal achievements. Instead of telling a child that he will never amount to anything when he fails, a parent must instead feed the child’s soul and hope with calming words that show how much he is loved even if he fails in his quests. Instead of berating him, help him find his direction and keep on the track that will help him amount to something instead. During the childhood of a person, he learns to build up his self confidence and try new things. The job of a parent during this stage is to help him or her achieve the perfect balance of self-esteem, emotional health, and personal empowerment because these are the factors that will aid a child in learning how to react to and deal with the many shortcoming that will come down their path before they actually reach the final desired outcome of â€Å"amounting to something in their lives.† Consider that a child’s failure is his own shame because his peers will never let him live it down. It is a stigma he could carry all his life because his peers will never forget how he did not accomplish what he set out to do. They will judge him by his failures and he does not need his parents doing the same thing to him at home. He will feel bad enough for a very long time and does not need his parents to make him hurt by using those scathing words. Just as a parents words has the power to instill confidence in a child, so can the words of the parent crush a child’s sense of self worth. If a parent really wants his or her child to achieve or accomplish something in this world, then they have to realize that a child’s achievements and accomplishments can only be achieved through nurturing, encouragement, and uplifting words. Parents must remember that they are the guardians of a child’s hope and dreams. It is not their job nor right to negate a child’s sense of self worth, destroy their beliefs in what they can achieve in life, nor belittle the child to the point that he loses self confidence. The worst kind of parent is the one who leaves a child feeling that he has lost his sense of self and everything that goes with what defines him as a person. Parents must realize that   words have a direct impact on the children. It is a parent’s responsibility to bring out the best in the child. Not make them feel worthless and unimportant.   After all, physical scars on a child may heal, but the emotional scars children carry with them throughout their lives. After all, in the eyes of the public, the failure of the child is also the failure of the parent and no parent will ever want to admit they were a failure as parents or that they were bad parents right?

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Growth in Alice in Wonderland essays

Growth in Alice in Wonderland essays Alice: The Naive Girl Turned Educated Woman... Next, On Jerry Springer The entire novel Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll, revolves centrally around Alices growth through the reception of knowledge. Analyzing these references of comprehension allows the reader to gain an understanding of how indirectly gaining outside education and know-how will prove positive in an enclosed society. Through Alices encountering with the mouse and caterpillar, she becomes better equipped to succeed in her ultimate test of knowledge, the courtroom. Alice displays her naivety and shows what an undereducated and uncompassionate lass she amounts to, with her experience with the mouse as she swam in her tears. Before she had a true interaction with the mouse, Alice said, I daresay its a French mouse, come over with William the Conqueror (13). Since the mouse would not respond to Alice at first, she thought it foreign; she tried to put the knowledge she has to work, but it simply proved to amount to less then assumed from the quote. Seeing how impossible it could have been for the mouse to have ventured over with William the Conqueror, since his time had passed many hundred year prior, the author made a prime example of demonstrating Alices elementary thought process. While trying to strike up conversation with the mouse, Alice speaks of her cat Dinah, which frightens the mouse, resulting in Alice stating, I quite forgot you didnt like cats (13). One would think it near impossible to actually forget that a mouse would have a fear associated with cats, yet Alice finds this an easily excusable mistake. Carroll uses this to represent, yet again, Alices child-like knowledge and limited common sense. Alices unpretentious innocence and restricted comprehension now have nothing else to do except develop and expand. After more interaction with unique characters, Alice begins t...

Friday, November 22, 2019

4 Anthropological Concepts Applied

Anthropologists believe that we learn to interact by picking up cultural codes of conduct starting from infancy; hence human behavior isn’t biologically acquired, but shaped by a guider. For example, in the documentary â€Å"Acting like a thief† by Kerim Friedman and Shashwati Talukdar,the â€Å"Chharas† were brought up in a nomadic lifestyle,where stealing was the norm. Dakxin’s grandmother admits that â€Å"people saw them as artists as well as thieves†. In 1871, they were labeled as a â€Å"criminal tribe† and were sent to prison camps by the British. Here the government kept strict checks on them, to the extent of following the women to the bathrooms, while men were forced to work or were beaten up. The social stigma that developed as a result of the people being labeled â€Å"born criminals† was internalized by their own grandparents, and the children let it define who they were as they grew up. This is evident by the response of one of the children, Vivek after he saw his mother getting beaten up on a street because she was caught in a burglary was that, â€Å"I don’t have a problem saying that my mother used to be a thief. Since I live in a society of born criminals, so of course I am a son of a thief, not a government official. † The idea that the guider shapes the identity of the community is also exemplified by the fact that even if the children wanted to get rid of the criminal stigma attached to them, it wasn’t an option. They weren’t given the opportunity to get jobs and hence had to resort to the illegal brewing of liquor as their only source of income. As is evident in this documentary, we can see that the behaviors and culture of a person is influenced by the culture of the society or group that he was born in. The concept of racism developed in the 19th century when colonialism was at its height and anthropologists tried to understand the many diverse people they encountered. They tried to evaluate the differences, classifying the world according to biological aspects like skin colorant important part of the social practices of racism is Ethnocentrism, which is the â€Å"belief that the moral standards,manners,attitudes and so forth of ones own culture are superior to those of other cultures† (Bailey,Garrik and James 15). This helped people justify the systematic violence and oppression on people of one society by another on the basis of factors like ethnicity and caste. At that time, on top of the framework of evolution was the western European civilization. The British believed themselves to be the pinnacle of evolution, the most culturally, physically and socially evolved (Bailey, Garrik and James 68). This thought process was a big part in the colonial apparatus and was also one of the reasons the British were able to label the people of chhranagar as â€Å"Born criminals. This label attached the stigma of a criminal community to the Chharas even after they got de-notified after India gained independence. Therfore, it allowed the police to get the power that they had accumulated and abused. According to Kalpana, â€Å"the police used to take the women back to the station after bail, tie them to a tree, beat them and give them electric shocks. †Innocent people were forced to admit to crimes , and if they refused they were beaten to death-as in the case of Buddhan. The injustice of such acts was apparent but so was the fact that â€Å"the police could do anything they want to. According to Dakxin, even the proof of a man’s innocence was rendered â€Å"useless. † Based on their ideas of being morally and culturally superior, the police had taken away the Chharas basic rights to freedom of speech and expression. â€Å"Rites of passage are a specialized set of rituals associated with the life cycle of individuals; the culturally defined age categories through which a person passes between birth and death. It is a public ceremony or ritual that marks a change in social status, usually brought about or related to increasing age† (Bailey, Garrik and James 201). People from various religions have different kinds of rituals with varying meanings attached to them. In Hinduism, an important event in the life cycle is marked by invoking the presence of the warrior goddess; Durga. This ritual is called a Jagrata. In Cat Viberts documentary, â€Å"a Rajasthani Jagrata, we see how Rathore takes his first born child to the â€Å"village of his heritage† for a ceremonial head shaving on his second birthday. Vibert described her experience of the ritual at the temple, â€Å"mediums gathered around a drum and began collectively chanting. A man stood up and began to lurch and yell. After sometime his eyes rolled back into his head, he ran into the temple and rang the bell. He was being possessed by the Goddess and the embodied deity sealed herself in the temple and the villagers went in one by one to ask her questions. † Besides the ritual, there is a lot of singing and dancing and the hair cutting ceremony to welcome the child in the family as he turns two. Gender Classification is one example of cultural knowledge. Cultural Knowledge involves shared knowledge about how we behave in ways that are meaningful and acceptable. It guides behavior such that the people can survive, reproduce and transmit their culture. † Every individual has a different social identity and expectations attached to them. Women typically are expected to stay in their homes and fulfill their domestic duties, whereas men take care of the responsibilities outside the house. During the whole trip that Vibert took for the ceremony, we saw the responsibility of the women to overlook the children, make the chapattis and do the domestic chores. Even during the ritual, the women were seated at the back whereas the men stayed in front. Moreover, the fact that the barber performing the ritual was a man and that the goddess possessed a man, shows how men had a more elevated stand in society. An anthropologist views different societies from an insider’s perspective and tries to understand human nature and behavior. Through their ethnographies and documentaries, they give people a voice to express their point of view and rid themselves of generalizations that put them at a disadvantage.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Research Paper - 1

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Research Paper Example Shareholders Firstly, with response to the key shareholders of the given case study, these can most easily be related in terms of patients, staff, vendors, and management. With relation to the patients and staff, these two shareholders are the most obvious ones with which the hospital president will come in contact with on a daily basis. However, beyond these shareholders, there are also those of the vendors with which the hospital necessarily does a healthy and continual level of business with. These vendors will be discussed at length further in the analysis as they exemplify a peculiar and dynamic shareholder within the level of seeking to ensure the hospital behaves in an ethically and morally expeditious manner. Finally, as with any level of position and/or responsibility – no matter how high, the president of the hospital is ultimately responsible not only to the staff and patients of the hospital he presides over but also to the board of trustees, regional compliance ma nager, executive committees, and a litany of other shareholders that define the very upper reaches of oversight for the president’s position. ... thermore, this group is unique within the representation of the other groups that will be discussed as it is the only one that acts as that of the end consumer/customer. As such, this group is directly affected by any adjustment to the level, quality, or affordability that the health care exhibits. Secondarily, the next group of shareholders that have been mentioned are those of the staff that are employed by the hospital. These of course obviously include doctors and nurses as well as the full array of primary healthcare providers. However, this also includes the array of support staff, janitors, facility maintenance, HR departments, lab personnel, and pharmacists/technicians etc. Although it may be convenient for the reader/researcher to lump all of these individuals in with the â€Å"responsible† and/or â€Å"guilty† party with reference to the elevated level of patient deaths that have been occurring, the preceding analysis helps to point to the fact that this group itself is diverse and varied and thereby cannot be lumped together as a responsible entity for the patient losses that have been suffered. Moreover, the needs and wants of this particular group of shareholders are concentric upon retaining their position, whatever that might be, within the hospital, and ensuring that no disastrous revelations threaten the security that their livelihood provides. As such, the hospital staff have a strong vested interest in ensuring that no waves rock the boat so to speak. Although a vested interest does not necessarily correlate to an unethical action, it should nonetheless be noted by the reader that this vested interest is every bit as strong as any of those which will be or have been listed within this paper. Thirdly, the vendors themselves represent a powerful group of